Document Type

Article

Publication Title

IEEE Access

Abstract

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a degenerative disease that impacts the eyes and is a consequence of Diabetes mellitus, where high blood glucose levels induce lesions on the eye retina. Diabetic Retinopathy is regarded as the leading cause of blindness for diabetic patients, especially the working-age population in developing nations. Treatment involves sustaining the patient's current grade of vision since the disease is irreversible. Early detection of Diabetic Retinopathy is crucial in order to sustain the patient's vision effectively. The main issue involved with DR detection is that the manual diagnosis process is very time, money, and effort consuming and involves an ophthalmologist's examination of eye retinal fundus images. The latter also proves to be more difficult, particularly in the early stages of the disease when disease features are less prominent in the images. Machine learning-based medical image analysis has proven competency in assessing retinal fundus images, and the utilization of deep learning algorithms has aided the early diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). This paper reviews and analyzes state-of-the-art deep learning methods in supervised, self-supervised, and Vision Transformer setups, proposing retinal fundus image classification and detection. For instance, referable, non-referable, and proliferative classifications of Diabetic Retinopathy are reviewed and summarized. Moreover, the paper discusses the available retinal fundus datasets for Diabetic Retinopathy that are used for tasks such as detection, classification, and segmentation. The paper also assesses research gaps in the area of DR detection/classification and addresses various challenges that need further study and investigation. © 2013 IEEE.

First Page

28642

Last Page

28655

DOI

10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3157632

Publication Date

3-8-2022

Keywords

Diabetes, Retina, Retinopathy, Lesions, Deep learning, Diseases, Biomedical imaging, biomedical optical imaging, blood, diseases, eye, image classification, image segmentation, learning (artificial intelligence), medical image processing, patient diagnosis, patient treatment

Comments

Open Access version with thanks to IEEE and IEEE Access, License: CC BY NC-ND 4.0, Uploaded 30 May 2022

Download

Share

COinS